Agriculture is among the main contributors to the Indian economy. It is the most significant part of Indian economy as it supports 18% of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and is considered the most important sector in case of employment generation. Agriculture provides employment to almost 50% of the India’s workforce. Most of the population in the country is directly or indirectly dependent on agriculture. Agriculture has occupied more than 40 percent of India's land. Agriculture has played a very significant role in the growth and development of socio-economic culture in India. Globally, India is ranked second in farm outputs and over 70% of the rural families depend on agriculture. With a wide variety of crops grown across the country, the agricultural portfolio of India is quite vast with two major crops grown being wheat and rice.

Rice is one of the leading grains produced in India. India is the second largest country in the world to produce and export rice. The Production increased from almost 53.6 million tons in 1980 to 120 million tons in 2020-21. This tremendous growth was due the result of an increase in yields. Major agricultural land area of India is under rice cultivation, as it is one of the prime food crops in the country. Rice is mainly grown in areas that receive maximum annual rainfall. Rice cultivation requires temperature of around 25 degree Celsius and rainfall of more than 100 cm. Rice is the principal food of southern and eastern parts of India.

Wheat on the other hand is the dominant cereal crop in India. Wheat cultivation occupies a total area of more than 29.4 million hectares in the country with Madhya Pradesh having the highest wheat coverage area.